6/1/2023 0 Comments Freeter japan hate![]() Among these, we focus on cultural capital (CC) as a driver to discourage school dropout and a stimulus for pro-active behaviours in work participation. However, other factors such as evident regional disparities, suggest the need to investigate alternative remedies, in particular for the Italian context. The role of the economic family background and the social context mitigate the risk of being not in education, employment or training (NEET). The increasing number of young people who do not study and do not work has become a relevant and timely socioeconomic issue. Indeed, this is why, in the late of nineties, the Japanese Ministry of Education changed the category name from 'jobless' to 'others'. However, with the increase in non-full-time jobs in the nineties, these categories have become less useful for describing the actual employment conditions of young people. Therefore, in official statistics such as the School Basic Survey, 'employed' includes only those who are in regular employment, while those who are in part-time or temporary work are covered by the categories 'jobless' and 'others'. In Japan, most young people used to move from school directly to full-time employment through the new graduate recruitment system (Inui, 1993). However, these categories no longer accurately represent young people's state. Traditionally, we have been able to recognize young people's situation by a simple category: in education, employed, in training or unemployed. The transiting process has become not only precarious for young people, but also difficult for society to precisely understand the risks and problems. ![]() In Japan, this change has taken a decade later to appear, becoming prevalent by the late nineties (Inui, 2003). In many European countries, this situation has been changing since the eighties: overall youth unemployment has increased, and many young people experience long periods of unemployment, government training schemes and part-time or temporary jobs. Young people used to transition directly from school to stable employment, or with a very short unemployed period. It has become prolonged, complicated and individualized (Bynner et al., 1997 Walther et al., 2004). ![]() In developed countries, the transition from school to work has radically changed over the past two decades.
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